What is cracked heels?

 

 

Cracked heels, also known as heel fissures or simply dry heels, are a common and often painful foot condition characterized by the development of dry, thickened skin with deep, painful cracks or fissures on the heels of the feet. This condition can move people of all ages and genders and can be a source of discomfort and embarrassment for many. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options for cracked heels in detail, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of this common foot problem.

Causes of Cracked Heels

Cracked heels can result from a variety of factors, both external and internal. Understanding these causes is essential for effective prevention and treatment. Some of the primary causes of cracked heels include:

Dry Skin: One of the most joint causes of cracked heels is excessively dry skin. When the skin on the heels loses its moisture and becomes dehydrated, it can become brittle and prone to cracking.

Lack of Moisture: Insufficient moisturization of the feet, especially in dry or cold climates, can lead to dryness and fast of the skin on the heels.

Dehydration: Inadequate fluid intake can lead to overall body dehydration, which can, in turn, cause dryness of the skin, including the heels.

Overexposure to Water: Paradoxically, excessive exposure to water, specially hot water, can strip the skin of its natural oils, making it dry and prone to cracking.

Wearing Open-Backed Shoes: Shoes with open backs, such as sandals or flip-flops, can contribute to the development of cracked heels as they do not provide adequate support or protection to the heels.

Standing for Long Hours: People who have jobs that want them to stand for extended periods are at a higher risk of developing cracked heels because of the constant pressure on their feet.

Obesity: Excess body weight can put extra weight on the fat pad under the heel, producing it to expand outward and create fissures in the skin.

Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, like diabetes, eczema, psoriasis, and thyroid disorders, can disrupt the skin's natural moisture balance and increase the risk of cracked heels.

Aging: As people age, their skin tends to become less elastic and more prone to dryness, making them more susceptible to developing cracked heels.

Symptoms of Cracked Heels

Cracked heels can range from mild to severe, and the symptoms may vary accordingly. Common signs and symptoms of cracked heels include:

Visible Cracks: The most apparent sign is the presence of visible, often painful, cracks or fissures on the skin of the heels. These fissures can be deep and may bleed in severe cases.

Dry, Flaky Skin: The skin on and around the heels may appear dry, flaky, or rough.

Itching and Redness: The affected area may itch or become red and inflamed.

Pain or Discomfort: Cracked heels can cause pain and distress, especially when walking or standing for long periods.

Bleeding: In severe cases, the cracks can lead to bleeding, increasing the risk of infection.

Thickened Skin: Over time, the skin on the heels may become thickened as a response to the repeated trauma from walking and pressure.

Risk Factors for Cracked Heels

Several factors can increase an individual's risk of developing cracked heels:

Gender: Women are more prone to cracked heels than men due to differences in skin thickness and hormonal changes.

Age: Older individuals are at higher risk due to naturally drier and less elastic skin.

Medical Conditions: People with diabetes or skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema are more susceptible.

Obesity: Excess body weight puts additional pressure on the feet, increasing the risk of cracks.

Foot Hygiene: Poor foot hygiene and neglecting to moisturize the feet can contribute to the problem.

Occupation: Jobs that require prolonged standing or walking can increase the likelihood of developing cracked heels.

Climate: Dry, arid climates and cold weather can exacerbate dry skin and cracked heels.

Treatment and Prevention

Managing and preventing cracked heels involves a mixture of lifestyle changes, home remedies, and medical intrusions. Here are some effective strategies:

Hydration: Stay well-hydrated by intake plenty of water to keep your skin moisturized from the inside out.

Moisturization: Regularly apply a thick, emollient foot cream or petroleum jelly to the heels and feet to lock in moisture. For best results, do this after bathing or before bedtime.

Exfoliation: Gently exfoliate your heels with a pumice pebble or foot file to get rid of dead skin and promote smoother skin.

Proper Footwear: Wear supportive shoes that provide passable cushioning and protection for the heels. Avoid open-backed shoes that expose the heels to friction.

Orthotic Inserts: Consider using orthotic inserts or heel cups to provide additional support and reduce pressure on the heels.

Avoid Hot Water: Use lukewarm water in its place of hot water when bathing or soaking your feet to prevent excessive drying.

Regular Nail Care: Trim your toenails properly to prevent them from digging into the skin and causing further damage.

Medical Treatment: In severe cases, consult a healthcare professional or a podiatrist for professional treatment options. They may recommend prescription creams, ointments, or therapies like laser treatment.

Manage Underlying Conditions: If you have causal medical conditions contributing to cracked heels, such as diabetes or eczema, manage them effectively with the help of a healthcare provider.

Lifestyle Changes: Maintain a healthy diet and exercise routine to control body weight, as obesity can increase the risk of cracked heels.

Conclusion

Cracked heels are a common and often painful condition that can affect anyone. While they may seem like a cosmetic concern, neglecting cracked heels can lead to discomfort, pain, and even infections if left untreated. Fortunately, with proper foot care, moisturization, and lifestyle adjustments, you can prevent and manage cracked heels effectively. If you're unsure about the severity of your condition or if it persists despite home remedies, it's essential to seek medical advice to ensure the best possible outcome for your foot health.